{
 "culture": "it-IT",
 "name": "ARCH_THIS_VAL_THERMSAT",
 "guid": "A3022977-3969-47B4-8763-ABC493F74E53",
 "catalogPath": "",
 "snippet": "Thermal maps developed using satellite data for the urban areas of Valencia, following the co-creation process with the cities, in order to provide information for the thermal hazard analysis planned in the ARCH project.",
 "description": "<DIV STYLE=\"text-align:Left;\"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Thermal maps were developed using satellite data for the urban areas of Valencia, following the co-creation process with the cities, in order to provide information for the thermal risk analysis planned in the ARCH project. Current satellite missions, providing imagery in the Thermal InfraRed (TIR) spectral region at 60-100 meters of spatial resolution, give the possibility to estimate the land surface temperature (LST) and highlight the main surface thermal anomalies, i.e. areas where the surface temperature has a value significantly different from the background. Thermal anomalies are potentially related to underground energy sources or to land use and coverage variations, e.g. urban areas, where the urban heat island (UHI) phenomena can be observed. UHI is considered as one of the most important problems of overheating in urban areas and result, amongst others, in increases of urban smog, increased need of air-conditioning in hot climate regions (with a consequence increasing of energy consumption), and impacts on human health.For this project, the Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES (Gillespie et al., 1998), for ASTER data) and single-channel algorithm (for Landsat 8, inverting Radiative Transfer Equation) have been used.<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>For Valencia 10 ASTER data cloud-masked and night-time estimated Land Surface Temperature have been collected.<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>LST processed for Valencia test site using ASTER data:<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 5 December 2005<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 19 September 2015<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 18 January 2016<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 3 July 2016<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 28 July 2016<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 24 November 2016<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 16 March 2017<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 26 October 2017<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 30 January 2018<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>- 23 November 2018<\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>To refine this analysis and evaluate potential Urban Heat Islands, the Principal Component Analysis (Fernández et al., 2003; Ruiz et al., 2015; Müller et al., 2014) of the 10 LST image for Valencia has been done.<\/SPAN><\/P><P /><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV>",
 "summary": "Thermal maps developed using satellite data for the urban areas of Valencia, following the co-creation process with the cities, in order to provide information for the thermal hazard analysis planned in the ARCH project.",
 "title": "ARCH_THIS_VAL_THERMSAT",
 "tags": [
  "ARCH",
  "Valencia",
  "THIS",
  "Thermal Maps",
  "Satellite data",
  "UHI"
 ],
 "type": "Map Service",
 "typeKeywords": [
  "Data",
  "Service",
  "Map Service",
  "ArcGIS Server"
 ],
 "thumbnail": "thumbnail/thumbnail.png",
 "url": "",
 "extent": [
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   -1,
   38
  ],
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   4,
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  ]
 ],
 "minScale": 0,
 "maxScale": 1,
 "spatialReference": "ETRS_1989_UTM_Zone_30N",
 "accessInformation": "This product is developed in the framework of the WP4 \"Hazard & Object Information Management System\" of the H2020-ARCH. The \u201cAdvancing Resilience of Historic Areas against Climate-related and other Hazards\u201d (ARCH) project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 820999.\n\nGillespie, A., Rokugawa, S., Matsunaga, T., Cothern, J. S., Hook, S., & Kahle, A. B. (1998). A temperature and emissivity separation algorithm for advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36(4), 1113-1126.\n\nFernández, F., Montávez, J. P., González-Rouco, J. F., & Valero, F. (2003, September).  A PCA Analysis of the UHI Form of Madrid. In Proceedings of Fifth International  Conference on Urban Climate (pp. 1-5).\n\nRuiz, M. A., Sosa, M. B., Cantaloube, E. N. C., & Cantón, M. A. (2015). Suitable  configurations for forested urban canyons to mitigate the UHI in the city of Mendoza,  Argentina. Urban Climate,14, 197-212\n\nMüller, B., Bernhardt, M., & Schulz, K. (2014). Identification of catchment functional units  by time series of thermal remote sensing images. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,  18(12), 5345-5359\n",
 "licenseInfo": "<DIV STYLE=\"text-align:Left;\"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>No conditions to access and use<\/SPAN><\/P><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV>"
}